Nā Mīkini no ka Hana Uila

No laila pono ʻoe i kahi multimeter. Malia paha ua make kāu mea kahiko, malia paha ke komo wale nei ʻoe i ka hoʻoponopono uila, a i ʻole ua luhi ʻoe i ka hōʻaiʻē ʻana i ka Fluke o kāu hoa hana i kēlā me kēia manawa e pono ai ʻoe e nānā i ka uila. ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke koho ʻana i ka mika kūpono e like me ka YouTube e nānā ai.

Ke hoʻoponopono nei au i nā mea uila no kahi o 8 mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku a me kekahi mau mea hana ʻenehana, a ua hele au ma waena o 6 a 7 mau mika like ʻole. He ʻōpala kekahi, maikaʻi kekahi, a maikaʻi maoli kekahi a hiki i koʻu hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi alapiʻi (koʻu hewa, ʻaʻole ʻo ka mika).

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe hoʻomaka e hoʻolilo lākou i $400 ma kahi Fluke 87V i kēia manawa. ʻAʻole pololei kēlā no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka. Mai kuhi hewa iaʻu-Hana ʻo Fluke i nā mika maikaʻi loa, a inā ʻoe e hana ana i ka hana HVAC ʻoihana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻoihana kahi e hiki ai i ka heluhelu hewa ke lilo i mau tausani i ka manawa hoʻomaha, ʻae, e kiʻi i ka Fluke. Akā no nā mea hoʻokipa uila a i ʻole nā hana ʻoihana māmā? Aia kahi papa waena nui.

Ke hoʻohana nei au i nā Brymen BM869 ma koʻu mika nui. Ma kahi o $180-200 ke kumu kūʻai ma kahi āu e kūʻai ai. Loaʻa iā ia he 60,000 helu hoʻonā e like me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka lapuwale akā ke hoʻololi maoli nei ʻoe i ka wā e ʻimi nei ʻoe e ʻike i nā loli liʻiliʻi o ka volta a i ʻole kēia manawa. Hoʻonui wikiwiki ka heluhelu ʻana-ma kahi o 50 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kekona e like me kā lākou mau kikoʻī-ʻo ia ka mea nui ma mua o kaʻu i manaʻo ai ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mika me ka hoʻohālikelike wikiwiki. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi pilikia, ʻo kēlā pane wikiwiki e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike wikiwiki i nā pilikia.

Ma mua o ka Brymen, ua loa'a ia'u he UNI-T UT61E no 3 makahiki paha. Ua uku ʻia paha $65 no ia ma Amazon i ka makahiki 2019 (ua piʻi nā kumukūʻai mai ia manawa, ʻoi aku ka like me $80-90 i kēia manawa). Ua lawa loa kēlā mika no 90% o kaʻu mea i hana ai. ʻO ke kumu wale nō aʻu i hoʻomaikaʻi ai no ka mea ua hoʻomaka wau e hana i nā hana diagnostic automotive a makemake i ka wikiwiki sampling rate a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ana AC.

multimeter

Kūkākūkā nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka "pololei" akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ka kikoʻī pololei. Ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka mika "± 0.5% + 3 huahelu" ʻaʻole ia he helu hoʻokahi-ʻelua kumu kuhi hewa i hui pū ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa pākēneka ma ka waiwai heluhelu, a ʻo ka hapa helu he offset paʻa. No laila, inā ʻoe e ana ana i ka 10.00V me kēlā kikoʻī, hiki i kāu volta maoli ma kahi āpau mai 9.92V a i 10.08V. No ka hapa nui o nā pilikia uila, ʻaʻole pili kēia. Ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i nā kaila 5V i hāʻule i 4.3V ma muli o kahi capacitor maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo e calibrate i nā mea kani.

Ma hea kahi mea e pono ai ka pololei: inā ʻoe e hana ana i ka hana analog pololei, ka nānā ʻana i ka sensor, a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā lako mana no nā kikoʻī ripple. A laila ʻae, makemake ʻoe i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ± 0.5% ka pololei DC kumu. ʻO kaʻu Brymen he ± 0.03% ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui no kaʻu mau pono, akā ua hele mai me ka pūʻolo.

ʻO ke ana o kēia manawa kahi e hōʻike maoli ai nā mika liʻiliʻi i ko lākou mau palena. Hiki ke ki'eki'e loa ka voluma kaumaha-'o ia ka hā'ule iho o ka volta ma luna o ka mea pale shunt kūloko o ka mita-ma nā mika ha'aha'a e pili ana i ke kaapuni āu e ana. Ua ho'āʻo au i kaʻu $20 mika kahiko (ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka brand) a ua pili ʻo ia ma kahi o 0.8V puʻuwai kaumaha ma ka pae 10A. He weliweli kēlā. Ma kahi o 0.3V ka UNI-T. Aia ka Brymen ma lalo o 0.1V. Ke ana ʻoe i kēia manawa ma kahi kaapuni 5V, pono kēlā ʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka manaʻo kaulana ʻole paha, akā makemake wau i ka manual ranging no nā hana he nui. Maikaʻi nā mika autoranging inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka volta āu e nānā nei, akā ke hana nei au ma kahi papa kahi aʻu i ʻike ai i nā kaʻa āpau (3.3V, 5V, 12V, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea), hoʻonohonoho wau i ka laulā hoʻokahi a waiho i laila. He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o ka kaʻa a me ka manual akā naʻe-no nā mika e ʻeli ʻoe i nā menus he mea hoʻonāukiuki.

ʻO ka Fluke 115 (ma kahi o $200-220) paha ka mika "prosumer" kaulana loa ma laila a no ke kumu maikaʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana, a ʻo ke kikowaena holoʻokoʻa wale nō ... noʻonoʻo. ʻO nā mea a pau āu e manaʻo ai. Ua hōʻaiʻē au i hoʻokahi no kekahi mau mahina a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kumu wale nō aʻu i kūʻai ʻole ai no ka mea makemake wau i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā Brymen. Inā makemake wale ʻoe i ka volta, ka manawa, ke kūpaʻa, ka hoʻomau, a me ka hoʻāʻo diode, hana maikaʻi ka 115 i nā mea āpau. Maikaʻi nō hoʻi kā lākou kākoʻo hōʻoia-Ua lohe au i nā moʻolelo he nui mai nā mea uila nāna i hoʻololi iā Fluke i nā mika i hāʻule ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomāinoino.

ʻO kēia kahi aʻu e kani ai i ka haʻi'ōlelo akā naʻe. ʻAʻole kūʻai wale ka helu CAT ma kāu mika. Maikaʻi ʻo CAT II no ka uila a me ka hana uila haʻahaʻa. ʻO CAT III no nā papa hoʻolaha a me nā hoʻonohonoho paʻa. ʻO CAT IV no nā mea pae pono. Hoʻohui ʻia ka helu voltage (e like me 600V a i ʻole 1000V) me ka helu CAT e haʻi iā ʻoe i ka mea e hiki ai i ka mika ke mālama palekana i nā ʻōlelo o nā transients a me nā kūlana hewa.

Loaʻa ka nui o nā mika haʻahaʻa i nā helu palekana hoʻopunipuni a alakaʻi hewa paha. Aia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i kēia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei-Ua hana ʻo EEVblog i ka wehe ʻana i kekahi mau mika Amazon haʻahaʻa e koi ana iā CAT III 1000V akā loaʻa nā ʻae ʻae ʻaʻole hiki ke kūpono no CAT II. ʻO ka wikiō kikoʻī e pili ana i kahi mika mai kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo "AstroAI" i koʻu manaʻo, a ua ana ʻo Dave Jones i nā ʻae PCB e like me 2mm i ka wā e pono ai lākou he 8mm a i ʻole kekahi mea no ka helu a lākou i ʻōlelo ai. (Source: eevblog.com).

Inā ʻoe e hana wale nei me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa DC (ma lalo o 48V), ʻaʻohe mea nui kēia. Akā inā e hana ana ʻoe i nā hana uila nui, e kūʻai i ka mika mai kahi brand kaulana me nā palapala hōʻoia palekana. ʻO ia hoʻi ʻo Fluke, Brymen, Keysight, Klein, Amprobe, a i ʻole like. ʻAʻole nā hōʻailona Amazon maʻamau me nā loiloi 5-hōkū i maopopo ʻole i ka kānalua.

ʻO ka beeper hoʻomau paha ka -hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma kekahi multimeter inā ʻoe e hana hoʻoponopono. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā pōkole, ke nānā ʻana i nā pilina, ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meheu PCB- hoʻohana mau ʻoe iā ia. Loaʻa ka lohi o kekahi mau mika ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka beep e hana ʻole i ka hiʻona. Pono ka lohi ma lalo o 50ms. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi a ke neʻe nei ʻoe i nā ʻimi noiʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana inā he hoʻomau a ʻaʻole i kani ka mita.

He 200-300ms ka lōʻihi o kaʻu mika no{0}}inoa kahiko. ʻO ka ʻōpala piha no ka nānā hoʻomau wikiwiki. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka UNI-T, ma kahi o 30-40ms paha. ʻO ka Brymen ke kumu koke. Hoʻokahi me nā Flukes aʻu i hoʻohana ai - maikaʻi loa kā lākou pane hoʻomau.

Ke kani nei kekahi mau mika i ka paepae kiʻekiʻe. 'A'ole like ka ho'omau 'ana me ke kū'ē ha'aha'a-makemake 'oe e ho'omaka ka beep ma kahi like me 20-50Ω a emi mai paha. Ua hoʻohana au i nā mika e piʻi ana i ka 200Ω e hoʻopau i ke kumu ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kahi pilina maikaʻi a me kahi mea marginal.

multimeter

Ke nānā aku nei nā kānaka a pau i nā kikoʻī ana a nānā ʻole i ka pono e hoʻohana maoli ʻoe i ka mea. He mea nui ka maikaʻi o ka pale. He mea nui ka backlight. He mea nui ka hoʻolālā pihi. He mea nui paha ka noho ʻana o nā alakaʻi i nā jacks (ke nānā nei au iā ʻoe, ʻo Mastech MS8268-he weliweli kēlā mau jacks).

He mau huahelu keʻokeʻo maikaʻi loa ko Brymen -ma ke kuapoʻeleʻele, maʻalahi ke heluhelu i nā kukui. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui hope i loko o nā ʻano pōwehiwehi akā ʻaʻole ʻālohilohi loa e hoʻopau ai i kou ʻike pō inā e hana ana ʻoe ma kahi wahi pouli. Nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, akā mahalo ʻia.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke alakaʻi kahi mea ʻē aʻe i kamaʻilio ʻole ʻia e kekahi. Ma hea ʻoe e kau ai i nā alakaʻi ke pau ʻoe? Ua kūkulu ʻia kekahi mau mika, ʻaʻole kekahi. Hoʻohana au i nā mea hoʻopaʻa alakaʻi magnetic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kaʻu pahu pahu hana maikaʻi, akā hoʻokahi mea hou e noʻonoʻo ai.

ʻAe, a eia kekahi mea e hoʻonāukiuki iaʻu: nā mika ʻaʻohe fuse kaʻawale no ka laulā mA a me ka laulā 10A. Inā puhi ʻoe i ka fuse nui, nalowale ʻoe i nā pae ʻelua. Loaʻa i nā mika maikaʻi ʻelua fuse kaʻawale no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ana i nā au kiʻekiʻe inā paʻa ka fuse mA. Loaʻa i ka Brymen kēia, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā mika haʻahaʻa loa.

Nui nā mika e hoʻolaha ana i ke ana wela ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona. Me ka Brymen, loa'a iā 'oe ke ʻano K{1}}thermocouple. Ua hoʻohana paha au ia... ʻelima mau manawa? I loko o ʻekolu makahiki? ʻAʻole ia he hana ʻole, akā no ka hapa nui o nā hana ana wela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka thermometer infrared a i ʻole ka mika thermocouple i hoʻolaʻa ʻia. ʻO ka pololei o ka hana wela multimeter ka mea maʻamau e like me ± 1-2 degere a maikaʻi ia no nā loiloi koʻikoʻi akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi inā makemake ʻoe i ka ʻikepili wela kūpono.

Ma kahi e pono ai: nānā i ka wela o nā ʻāpana ma ka papa ke manaʻo ʻoe ua wela ka mea. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kahi chip a i ʻole regulator a loaʻa kahi heluhelu. Akā no ka wela a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana wau i kahi mea hana ʻē aʻe.

Maikaʻi lākou no nā mea maʻamau. Hoʻopaʻa wau i hoʻokahi i loko o kaʻu pahu hana kaʻa no ka nānā ʻana i ka uila uila a ʻaʻole nui aku. He mea kānalua ka pololei, he kānalua ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana, a he kānalua maoli ka palekana. Akā, no nā ana voli uila ma'alahi ma nā -kūlana ha'aha'a, hana lākou. Mai hilinaʻi wale iā lākou no kekahi mea koʻikoʻi a mai hoʻohana pono iā lākou ma ka volta mains.

Ua hoʻāʻo au i kahi $18 mika mai Harbour Freight i hoʻokahi manawa (ʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike e like me 37772, ua hoʻololi paha lākou i kēia manawa) a hoʻohālikelike i ka heluhelu ʻana i kaʻu Brymen. No ka uila DC aia ma loko o ka 0.1-0.2V i ʻae ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i nā pila. No ka volta AC, aia ma luna o ka 127V i ana ʻia ma kahi puka i 121V maoli e like me kaʻu mika maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pololei kēlā, hiki ke pilikia inā hoʻoholo ʻoe ma muli o kēlā mau heluhelu.

Wahi a kekahi mau hoʻāʻo ʻana e nā ʻenekinia ma Keysight (keysight.com/blogs), he pōʻino pinepine ke ʻano hāʻule ma nā mika liʻiliʻi ke hāʻule ʻole lākou -ʻaʻohe pale arc, liʻiliʻi fusing, a me nā meheu PCB e mahuka wale ana ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia kā lākou teardown analysis i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu hale ʻaʻole e ʻae i kekahi palapala hōʻoia palekana kūpono.

Loaʻa i kekahi mau mika i kēia manawa Bluetooth a i ʻole USB no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kēia mea pono no kaʻu hana, akā hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i nā noi kahi e waiwai ai ia-lōʻihi-ka nānā ʻana, hoʻāʻo ʻakomi, kēlā ʻano mea. He USB optical ka Brymen BM869 (ʻaʻole like kaʻu kumu hoʻohālike akā hana lākou i hoʻokahi) he mea pono maoli no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻike ʻana, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka honua a i ʻole pilikia leo ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke kamepiula.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa inoa, aia nā multimeter logging i hoʻolālā ʻia no ia kumu. ʻO ka Fluke 289 no ka laʻana hiki ke mālama i nā tausani o nā heluhelu me nā kaha manawa. ʻO nā kumu kūʻai e like me $500+ akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he kūʻai wikiwiki.

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No ke kanaka e komo wale ana i ka uila: UNI-T UT61E a i ʻole ~$70-80 mika laulā. Loaʻa iā ʻoe i ka pololei kūpono no ke aʻo ʻana a ʻaʻole e make inā ʻoe e ʻimi ʻino i kekahi mea hewa (he mau hiʻohiʻona palekana kūpono). E mālama i ke kālā no nā mea hana maikaʻi e like me ka hao hao maikaʻi a i ʻole ka laulā.

No ka hana hoʻoponopono ʻenehana loea: Brymen BM869s a i ʻole Fluke 115/117. Ma kahi o $180-220. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Brymen, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka Fluke a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kākoʻo hōʻoia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hele hewa me kekahi.

No ka hana ʻenehana/eleka: Fluke 87V a i ʻole like. $400-450 akā pono ia no nā helu palekana a me ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole au e kūʻai aku ma ʻaneʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mika.

No nā kaʻa: Pono ka pololei o ka volta AC maikaʻi (no nā mea ʻike), ka laʻana wikiwiki, a me ke ana ʻana o Hz/duty. ʻO ka Fluke 88V kaulana akā pipiʻi. Aia kekahi mau mīkini kaʻa -mika kikoʻī mai nā hui e like me Snap-on akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a ʻaʻole pono paha inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he ʻenehana kaʻa piha -manawa.

ʻAʻohe mea e pono i ka Keysight 34461A benchtop mika ke ʻole ʻoe e hana ana i ka metrology a i ʻole ka hana calibration pololei. Hoʻomaka kēlā mau mea ma $900+ a ʻae pololei loa lākou (± 0.004% DC V) akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono maʻamau a me ka hoʻoponopono pilikia. 'Ōlelo wau i kēia no ka mea ua ʻike au i ka poʻe ma nā ʻaha kūkā e paipai iā lākou i nā poʻe hoʻomaka he naʻaupō wale nō.

ʻO ia ka mea nui aʻu e manaʻo ai he mea nui ke koho ʻana i kahi multimeter. ʻAʻole i uhi i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohui oscilloscope a i ʻole kekahi o nā ʻano ana kūikawā maoli (inductance, capacitance ma luna o ka hoʻāʻo kumu) no ka mea, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻohana i kēlā mau mea e loaʻa ai nā manaʻo ikaika. E kūʻai i kekahi mea mai kahi hōʻailona kūpono me nā palapala hōʻoia palekana maoli, e hōʻoia i ka wikiwiki o ka beeper hoʻomau, a maikaʻi paha ʻoe.

ʻAe, a ʻo ka mea hope loa-mālama i nā ʻōhua ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mika i ka 9V akā pono kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona (kekahi mau Flukes, no ka laʻana).lithium CR1/3N pākaukauʻaʻole like ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka make ʻana o kāu mika i ka hapalua o ka hana hoʻoponopono he mea hoʻonāukiuki, no laila e hopu wale i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ke kauoha ʻoe i ka mika.