He aha ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaupaona ʻana o ke kelepona i nā pā lithium?

Ke hana nei au i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pā uila a me ka hoʻolālā BMS no kahi kokoke i 12 mau makahiki. I kēlā me kēia manawa e nīnau mai kekahi iaʻu "he aha ka hana ʻana o ke kaulike?", hōʻike wale wau iā lākou i ʻelua mau kiʻi: ʻo kekahi he 2-makahiki-pack e-bike 36 V me ke kaulike ʻole (ʻo ka hapalua o nā pūnaewele ma 1.8 V, ʻo ke koena ma 4.18 V), ʻo ka ʻē aʻe he pūʻulu like me ka 100 mA mau mea hoʻohālikelike passive ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO ia ke kiko holoʻokoʻa ma ke kiʻi hoʻokahi.

I loko o nā ʻeke maoli, ʻaʻole i hānau like nā cell. E lawe i 100 mau pūnaewele Samsung 50E hou mai ka pā hoʻokahi: ʻo ±30 mAh ka nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho ma 2-3 mau manawa, a hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kūpaʻa kūloko i 3-5 mΩ. Ma hope o 200 mau pōʻai, hāʻule ka poʻe nāwaliwali i hope. Me ka ʻole o ke kaupaona ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia ka mana o ka pūʻulu e ka cell nāwaliwali loa ma ke kau ʻana a me ka cell ikaika loa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Nalo ʻoe i ka 20-40% hiki ke hoʻohana i ka makahiki mua wale nō.

Active Cell Balancing

ʻElua wale nō ala e kaulike ai nā kānaka i ka hana ʻana:

ʻO kēia ka 95% o nā ʻeke ma lalo o 20 kWh hoʻohana.
ʻO nā ʻāpana maoli āu e ʻike ai ma nā papa:

TI BQ769x2 / BQ769x3 / BQ78z100

Nā Mea Hana Analog LTC6804 / LTC6811 / LTC6813

Maxim MAX14920 / MAX14921

NXP MC33771 / MC33772

ʻO ke kahe koko maʻamau: 80–150 mA (hiki i ka BQ76952 ke pana i ka 220 mA inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe i ʻelua pine).
Waiwai pale pale i ka hana nui: aneane mau 27 Ω a i ʻole 33 Ω 2512 1 W pūʻolo.
Nā hoʻonohonoho trigger aʻu e hoʻohana maoli nei:
E hoʻomaka i ke kahe koko ma 15–25 mV ma luna o ka awelika o ka pūʻulu i ka wā CV, hoʻōki ke hāʻule ka delta ma lalo o 6-8 mV.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e alualu i ka 2 mV e kuke wale ʻoe i ka papa no ka wā pau ʻole.

ʻO ka wela ka pilikia maoli. Hiki i ka pack scooter 16s me ke koko 100 mA ke hoʻolei pololei i 7-8 W ma luna o ka BMS PCB. ʻO ia ke kumu o kēlā mau papa e-bike he 20-dola haʻahaʻa a pohā ma hope o hoʻokahi kauwela i ka lā.

Ke hele ʻoe ma luna o ~ 30 kWh kokoke i nā mea a pau e hoʻololi i ka hana.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka honua maoli-aʻu i wāwahi ai:

Tesla Model S/X (2012–2021): DC liʻiliʻi -DC brick ma ka HVJB, ~1 A no kēlā me kēia module

BMW i3 (makahiki a pau): module transformer inductive, 24-a-1 ratio, ma kahi o 2 A

BYD Blade pūʻolo: lele -papa kapasitor ma muli o Infineon TLF35568 hoʻolālā kuhikuhi

Nā pōloli hoʻopaʻa paʻa Kina: nā modula DC -DC kaawale e neʻe ana i ka 15–20 A ma ke kaula holoʻokoʻa 700 V.

Ma waho o -ka-papa i kū'ai maoli ai nā kānaka:

1–2 He ʻōmaʻomaʻo AliExpress lele-papa kapasitor (nā mea me 8–16 mau relay liʻiliʻi)

Heltec / Orion BMS Gen4 / REC Q / Dilithium: 5–8 A me ka hoʻomaha maikaʻi.

Cell Balancing

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā OEM wale nō ke kaulike ma ka 10-15 % kiʻekiʻe o SoC no ka mea ʻoi aku ka palahalaha o ka pihi uila ma lalo o 3.45 V (NMC) a i ʻole 3.40 V (LFP).
Tesla waits until >90 % SoC a holo kaulike wale no ka 30-60 min o ka uku.
Hōʻike kaʻu mau lāʻau BMW i3 2017 i ka mea kaulike inductive ala wale nō i ka wā delta> 30 mV a hoʻopaʻa i kēia manawa <5 A.

Loaʻa iaʻu kahi pahu piha i nā ʻeke EV haʻahaʻa -wikiwiki 2016–2018 mai ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina i mālama i $0.80 ma ka holoi ʻana i nā mea pale koko. Ma hope o 18 mau mahina, hele maikaʻi ʻole nā pūnaewele nāwaliwali i kēlā me kēia hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ke keleawe, ulu nā dendrites, hoʻoheheʻe ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, ahi. Ua nānā au i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pūʻolo 72 V 20 Ah i 8–9 Ah hiki ke hoʻohana i loko o 14 mahina. E paʻi i $12 mea kaulike ma luna o lākou a hoʻi mai lākou i 18–19 Ah. Haʻawina i aʻo ʻia ma ke ala paʻakikī.

Ma lalo o 15 kWh → maikaʻi ka passive a e noho mau loa (nā scooter, nā mea hana mana, nā drones)

400 V+ or >50 kWh → ikaika a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻoe i nā modula i kēlā me kēia makahiki

ʻO kēlā me kēia EV kūpono i kūʻai ʻia i kēia lā he kaulike. ʻO ka mea hoʻololi wale nō inā he 33 Ω resistor a i ʻole he $300 papa hana.

ʻO ia ke kaulike kelepona. ʻAʻohe mea kilokilo. Ke hooki wale nei i na keena maikai mai ka hukiia ana e ke kaikunane palaualelo hookahi i hooholo i ka elemakule.

Cell Balancing