ʻO ke ola pōʻaiapili ka nui o nā kaʻina hoʻokuʻu -hoʻihoʻi i ka pila ma mua o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kekahi pae mana i koho mua ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo 80%, ʻoiai ua ʻike au i nā kikoʻī ma nā wahi āpau-70% no kekahi mau noi automotive, 85% no nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka paepae ponoʻī he ʻano kūʻokoʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pili ʻana i ka helu palapala hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o nā waiwai kumu o ke kemika pākaukau.
No ke aha e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai nā pila
ʻO ka papa SEI ma luna o nā anodes graphite ʻo ia paha ka mīkini hoʻohaʻahaʻa i aʻo nui ʻia ma nā ʻakika lithium-ion. Ke hoʻouka mua ʻoe i ke kelepona, e pohō ka electrolyte ma ka ʻili anode a hana i kēia kiʻi paʻa -ka hapa nui o ka lithium carbonate, he lithium fluoride inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i ka paʻakai LiPF6, nā ʻano mea ola like ʻole. Pono e paʻa kēia papa ma hope o kekahi mau pōʻai. ʻAʻole. Ke ulu mau nei ia, lohi, ʻai i ka lithium e pono ke holo paikikala. Ua hana au ma kahi papahana i kekahi mau makahiki i hala e ho'āʻo ana e hoʻopaʻa i ka SEI me nā mea hoʻohui electrolyte. Kōkua ʻo FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate), VC (vinylene carbonate) kōkua hou aku. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi e hoʻopau loa.
Pohā -cathodes nickel kiʻekiʻe. NMC811, ʻo ia ka 80% nickel, 10% manganese, 10% cobalt, e hoʻololi nui i ka leo i ka wā kaʻa-ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā haku mele NMC111 a i ʻole NMC523 kahiko. ʻAhaʻi maoli nā ʻāpana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā ia ma lalo o SEM ma hope o kekahi mau haneli haneli. Ua manaʻo ʻo CATL i ka makahiki 2019 inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana kristal hoʻokahi ma kahi o nā hōʻuluʻulu polycrystalline i hana ʻia e nā mea a pau, e hoʻopau ʻoe i ka hapa nui o ka pohā no ka mea ʻaʻohe palena ʻai. ʻIke ʻia i kēia manawa akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana synthesis i ka pālākiō he mau makahiki. Manaʻo wau e hana like ana ʻo BYD me kā lākou Blade pākahi akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻolaha nui e pili ana i kā lākou hana cathode.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mahana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo. No kēlā me kēia hoʻonui 10 degere e pāpālua ʻoe i ka helu ʻelemakule. ʻAʻole pololei kēia-mekanika ʻokoʻa i nā ikehu hoʻāla ʻokoʻa-akā ua kokoke loa ia no nā kuhi ʻenekinia. ʻO kahi pūʻolo e holo ana ma 35 degere awelika e lōʻihi loa ma mua o hoʻokahi ma 45 degere. Ua aʻo mua ʻo Tesla i kēia me ka Roadster. ʻO kā lākou mau kaʻa hope loa he hoʻokele wela koʻikoʻi, e holo mālie lākou i ka wā i paka ai inā wela loa ka ʻeke.
He mea ʻē ke anu. Hoʻolohi ka chemistry degradation, maikaʻi. Akā, loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa a inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki e hoʻopaʻa ʻoe i ka lithium ma ka anode, he ʻino loa. ʻO nā waihona lithium he hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia a inā ulu lākou i dendrites hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi pōkole kūloko. ʻAʻole ʻae ka hapa nui o nā EV iā ʻoe i ka hoʻoiho wikiwiki DC ma lalo o 0 degere no kēia kumu.
Ka hohonu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana
Aia kēia -hopena kaulana kahi e ho'onui ai ke ola o ka holo paikikala papau. Inā hoʻohana wale ʻoe i 40% o ka mana o ka pākaukau ma kahi o 100%, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopākolu i ke ola pōʻai. ʻOi aku paha. ʻAʻole maopopo loa nā mīkini. Hiki ke kōkua i nā loli liʻiliʻi i nā electrodes. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā mana electrode koʻikoʻi kahi e wikiwiki ai nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Akā ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopaʻa pono i ka hāʻawi pololei o kēlā me kēia kumu.
Huna kēlā me kēia EV iā ʻoe. Ke ʻōlelo nei kāu dashboard he 0% paha ʻoe ma 5% SOC maoli. Ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 100% aia ʻoe ma 95% a i ʻole 90%. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha nā mea hana i kēia mau helu. Ua hoʻāʻo au e hoʻohuli i ka ʻenekinia ma kaʻu Bolt kahiko ma ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili BMS ma luna o ka pahi CAN akā ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa calibration.
Ke ho'āʻo nei i nā pilikia manawa
ʻAʻohe mea makemake e kali i 3-4 makahiki e hōʻoia i ka hoʻolālā pākaukau. No laila, hana mākou i ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka holo kaʻa. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaʻole e holo like nā mīkini hoʻohaʻahaʻa a pau. Hana kekahi, ʻaʻole kekahi. Hana maikaʻi ka wikiwiki o ka wela no ka hapa nui o nā kaʻina kemika. ʻO ka wikiwiki ka wikiwiki. A aia nā ʻano hana hemahema e hōʻike wale ʻia ma hope o ka manawa kalena lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke wikiwiki.
ʻO nā mea wānana ML hou he mea hoihoi. Hāʻawi ʻoe i ka ʻikepili pōʻaiapuni mua i loko o kahi kumu hoʻohālike a wānana ʻo ia i ka maloʻo -manawa lōʻihi. Ua paʻi ʻo Stanford i kekahi hana ma kēia ma 2019, ua hana ʻo Carnegie Mellon i nā mea like. Hana maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā cell a lākou i aʻo ai. ʻO ka generalization ka pilikia. E hoʻololi i ka haku mele cathode a i ʻole ka hana electrolyte a pono ʻoe e aʻo hou me ka ʻikepili hou, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka lanakila ʻana i ke kumu inā e hoʻāʻo ʻoe e wānana i ke ola o kahi hoʻolālā hou.
Nā mea kemika like ʻole
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola pōʻaiapuni o LFP ma mua o NMC, manawa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa 3000-5000 pōʻaiapuni maʻalahi, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻopaʻapaʻa hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikehu he mea hoʻomāinoino ʻoiai-e hāʻawi ana ʻoe i 30-40% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me NMC kiʻekiʻe-nickel. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe hana hana Kina he kūpono kēia kālepa no nā EV maʻalahi kahi e pono ʻole ai nā kānaka i 300+ mile. BYD, CATL, ke hana nei nā kānaka a pau i ka LFP no nā kaʻa maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka lohi o nā OEM Komohana i ka lawe ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa mākeke a i ʻole ʻelua, ʻaʻole wau maopopo.
ʻO ka sodium -ion i manaʻo ʻia e like ke ola pōʻaiapili me LFP ma muli o ka mea a CATL a me Natron i koi ai, akā aia wale nō i ka hana ʻana no hoʻokahi makahiki no laila ʻo wai ka mea e ʻike i ka mea e hiki mai ana ma hope o 5+ mau makahiki ma ke kula.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka mokuʻāina paʻa -state i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola pōʻaiapuni no ka mea ʻaʻohe wai electrolyte ʻoi aku ka paʻa. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa ma ke kālepa. ʻO QuantumScape he "ʻelua makahiki i hala" no ʻeono makahiki i kēia manawa. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka interface, nalowale pili i ka wā kaʻa, lithium dendrites i kekahi mau hoʻolālā-ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia mau pilikia ma mua o ka manaʻo o kekahi. Malia paha e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā electrolytes sulfide ma mua o nā oxides. ʻO ka ʻikepili e puka mai ana mai Iapana e hōʻike mai paha.
Ka ʻelemakule kalena
ʻAʻole mālama nui ʻia kēia akā nui ia no nā kaʻa ʻaʻole holo nui. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana kāu pākaukau e noho ana ma laila. He mea nui ka mahana mālama a me ka SOC. ʻO ka hihia maikaʻi loa ʻo 100% ka uku ma ka wela kiʻekiʻe-e nalowale ana ʻoe i nā helu pākēneka he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka hana ʻole ʻole. 40% SOC ma ka lumi wela ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana akā ʻaʻole pono no kahi kaʻa āu e hoʻohana maoli nei.
He holoholona ʻokoʻa loa ka mālama ʻana i ka grid. Pono ʻoe i ka 20+ makahiki o ke ola ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, 7000+ mau pōʻaiapuni ka liʻiliʻi, 10 paha,000+ inā e hana ana ʻoe i nā pōʻai he nui i kēlā me kēia lā. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu a loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi wahi no ka hoʻokele wela. ʻOkoʻa ka hana o ka ʻoihana waiwai-ʻoi aku ka pili o CAPEX i ka OPEX ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻoe i nā makahiki he nui.
ʻAʻole lawa kaʻu ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano pākaukau hou e ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa. ʻO Lithium-sulfur ka pōʻaiapuni weliweli loa ma muli o ke kaʻa kaʻa polysulfide, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi mau hui ua hoʻoholo lākou. ʻO Lithium{3}}anodes metala i hui pū ʻia me nā electrolytes paʻa paha ke ala i mua akā ʻaʻole i pau ka pilikia dendrite. A inā pono nā mea hana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou he 5-10 mau makahiki ka liʻiliʻi. No laila ʻo nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana, paʻa mākou me nā ʻano lithium-ion no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumi makahiki.
ʻAʻole lawa kaʻu ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano pākaukau hou e ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa. ʻO Lithium-sulfur ka pōʻaiapuni weliweli loa ma muli o ke kaʻa kaʻa polysulfide, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi mau hui ua hoʻoholo lākou. ʻO Lithium{3}}anodes metala i hui pū ʻia me nā electrolytes paʻa paha ke ala i mua akā ʻaʻole i pau ka pilikia dendrite. A inā pono nā mea hana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou he 5-10 mau makahiki ka liʻiliʻi. No laila ʻo nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana, paʻa mākou me nā ʻano lithium-ion no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumi makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻanuʻu polimer lithiume noho ma waena o ka -ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka puʻupuʻu ma mua o nā cell cylindrical, ke ola pōʻaiapuni e like me ka lithium -ion maʻamau inā mālama ʻoe i nā mahana kūpono. ʻO kahi koho kūpono no nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia akā ʻaʻohe mea kipi.
